Central Processing Unit | Computer CPU Definition & Function
CPU, short for Central Processing Unit, is the main and important part of a computer, and it is responsible for processing data and carrying out all logic and arithmetic operations, as well as issuing all commands on the computer. What is the working principle of the processing unit, and what are its internal components?
Most electronic and mechanical devices contain a central processing unit, which is called in English the Central Processing Unit, which is symbolized by the abbreviation CPU.
It should be noted that the latter are different from one device to another, depending on the nature of the work of each device, so that the CPU in the computer is not the same as in modern cars, for example, and so on.
Here are some devices that contain central processors:
Internet Server
Computer equipment, whether portable or office.
Cell phones or smart phones.
Tablets, or the so-called tablets.
Most of the home electronics.
- medical equipments .
Modern TV screens.
- Smart manual watches.
GPS devices.
Modern cars.
Game devices such as:
X-BOX
PlayStation.
- And all modern electronic and electrical systems.
2- The most important leading companies in the manufacture of central processing units:
Below we will mention some of the most important companies that are pioneers in designing and manufacturing central processors:
Intel Corporation
It is considered one of the giants and a pioneer in its field. This company was established in 1968. Intel's processors are among the most powerful processors in the market, especially the multi-core class of processors, such as the i7 and i9.
AMD Corporation
AMD stands for Advanced Micro Devices. It is a very advanced company and a pioneer in the maintenance of small electronics such as the micro-processor, which is synonymous with the central processing unit in addition to that it produces as well as motherboards and computers. For reference, AMD is classified as the second largest company in the world in this field after Intel.
Apple
Apple has developed very quickly in recent times due to the advanced and wonderful services it provides in the field of designing and manufacturing modern electronics, as well as wonderful computer programs and applications. One of the most Apple devices that met a great response from users, which contributed greatly to the brilliance and success of this company, we mention :
Macintosh computers
- iPod music device
IPhone mobile devices
NVIDIA Corporation
The giant NVIDIA is one of the most well-known and pioneering companies in the design of graphics cards or card graphics as it is known to the public, in addition to that it designs video game devices such as the X-BOX and the PlayStation.
Qualcomm
It is also a pioneer in designing and producing high-quality CPUs for smartphones. For reference, it has been ranked number one in the world in the production and design of central processors for smartphones.
3- The principle of operation of the central processing unit
In order to simplify the matter, the central processing unit is completely synonymous with the processor or the processor, and its method of work lies in the fact that it is in control of all the operations that are performed on the computer, such as logical and arithmetic operations, of course the completion of its task will only be in parallel and with the help of other electronic parts of the Bios. Shamalia, which is the first assistant to the processor, as it coordinates all tasks and transfers data between the central processing and other electronic components, especially the display card, graphics, random access memory, or the so-called Ram.
It should be noted that the CPU performs the processing by applying the firmware commands, which is a set of precise and special code. To understand this more, take the example of operating the computer from the first moment. When the computer is turned on, the processor executes the commands stored in the ROM chip or what we term the BIOS literally and accurately in order to make sure that all the parts of the computer are complete and ready, of course these electronic parts that are checked for readiness during The operation of the computer or two what is called in English POST for Power On Self Test, some of which are built into the motherboard or motherboard (such as the processor, the north bridge, the south bridge, the ram, the easy input and output, and others), including what is associated with it such as the hard disk, disk reader, mouse Keyboard and others. After the success of the POST process, the wizard delivers the reins to the Windows operating system to complete the operation and thus displays the desktop and the computer is ready to carry out the commands
4- Components of the internal CPU
The central processing unit consists of various components that are the main factor for the success of mathematical and logical operations that are performed by this unit, namely:
Control Unit
The Control Unit, symbolized by CU, is the basic component and mastermind of the central processing unit, as it is responsible for receiving instructions from input devices and decoding and understanding them and thus issuing appropriate commands for the components concerned to carry out a specific task, after which the control unit is keen to issue other Instructions commands In order for the results to be transferred to the main memory of the computer, which is called the random access memory, through the in charge of the output devices.
Arithmetic / Logic Unit
Arithmetic and Logic Unit, and its abbreviation, which symbolizes it is ALU. This last role in the CPU is to carry out all the work
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