How ATmega328 Arduino Uno board works
Arduino Uno is one type of microcontroller board based on the ATmega328, and Uno is an Italian term that means one. The Arduino Uno is named for the upcoming release of the microcontroller board which is the Arduino Uno Board 1.0. This board includes 14 digital I/O pins, a power jack, i/ps-6 analog, an A16MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, an RST button, and an ICSP header. All of these can support the microcontroller for further operation by connecting this board to the computer. Power supply to this board can be done with the help of AC to DC adapter, USB cable or battery. This article discusses what is an Arduino Uno microcontroller, pin configuration, Arduino Uno specifications or features, and applications.
What is Arduino Uno ATmega328?
The ATmega328 is one type of single chip microcontroller formed with Atmel within the megaAVR family. The Arduino Uno architecture is a Harvard custom architecture with an 8-bit RISC processor core. Other Arduino Uno boards include Arduino Pro Mini, Arduino Nano, Arduino Due, Arduino Mega, and Arduino Leonardo.
Arduino UNO ATmega328
Features of the Arduino Uno ATmega328 include the following.
Operating voltage 5V
The recommended input voltage will range from 7V to 12V
The input voltage ranges from 6V to 20V
Digital I/O pins 14
The analog i/p pins are 6
The DC current of each input/output pin is 40mA
DC current for 3.3V Pin is 50mA
32KB flash memory
SRAM is 2 KB
The EEPROM has an area of 1 KB
CLK speed is 16MHz
Arduino UNO pin diagram
The Arduino Uno board can be built with power pins, analog pins, ATmegs328, ICSP header, reset button, power LED, digital pins, test valve 13, TX/RX pins, USB interface, and external power supply. The description of the Arduino UNO board is discussed below.
power supply
The Arduino Uno power supply can be made with the help of a USB cable or an external power supply. External power sources mainly include an AC to DC converter and a battery. The adapter can be connected to the Arduino Uno by connecting it to the power socket of the Arduino board. Similarly, the battery terminals can be connected to the Vin pin and the GND pin of the POWER connector. The suggested voltage range will be from 7V to 12V.
Input and Output
The 14 digital pins on the Arduino Uno can be used as inputs and outputs with the help of functions like pinMode(), digitalWrite(), and digital read().
Pin1 (TX) & Pin0 (RX) (Serial): This pin is used to send and receive serial TTL data, and they are connected to the ATmega8U2 USB to the serial chip's equivalent TTL pins.
Pin 2 and Pin 3 (external interrupts): External pins can be connected to activate an interrupt at a low value, and change the value.
Pins 3, 5, 6, 9, 10 and 11 (PWM): This pin gives 8-bit PWM o/p by analogWrite() function.
SPI pins (Pin-10 (SS), Pin-11 (MOSI), Pin-12 (MISO), Pin-13 (SCK): These pins maintain the SPI connection, although basic hardware is provided, not currently included in the language Arduino.
Pin-13 (LED): The built-in LED can be connected to Pin 13 (Digital Pin). As the high value pin, the LED is energized, when the pin is low.
Pin-4 (SDA) and Pin-5 (SCL) (I2C): Supports TWI communication with the help of the Wire library.
Arif (reference voltage): The reference voltage is analog i/ps with analogReference().
Reset Pin: This pin is used to reset (RST) the microcontroller.
memory
The memory of the Atmega328 Arduino microcontroller includes a 32KB flash memory for storing code, SRAM-2KB EEPROM-1KB.
Communication
The Arduino Uno ATmega328 provides a serial UART TTL connection, and can be accessed on digital pins such as TX (1) and RX (0). The Arduino software has a serial display that allows for easy data. There are two LEDs on the board such as RX & TX that will flash when data is being streamed via USB.
The SoftwareSerial library allows serial communication on Arduino Uno digital pins and supports ATmega328P TWI (I2C) as well as SPI communication. The Arduino software has a wired library to simplify the use of the I2C bus.
How to use the Arduino Uno?
The Arduino Uno can detect the surrounding areas of the input. Here the input is a variety of sensors and can influence their surroundings by controlling motors, lights, other actuators, etc. The ATmega328 microcontroller on the Arduino board can be programmed with the help of the Arduino programming language and the IDE (Integrated Development Environment). Arduino projects can communicate by software while running on a computer.
Arduino programming
Once the Arduino IDE is installed in the computer, connect the Arduino board to the computer with the help of a USB cable. Open the Arduino IDE and select the appropriate board by choosing Tools-> Board ..> Arduino Uno, and select the correct port by choosing Tools-> Port. This board can be programmed with the help of a wire-based Arduino programming language.
To activate the Arduino board and flash the LED on the board, dump the program code by choosing Files->Examples..>Basics..>Flash. When the programming codes are dumped into the IDE, then click the "Load" button on the top bar. Once this process is complete, check the LED flash on the board.
USB high voltage protection
The Arduino Uno board has a repositionable poly fuse that protects the computer's USB port from overvoltage. Although most computers have their own internal protection, a fuse gives an extra layer of security. If more than 500mA is given to the USB port, the fuse will routinely break the connection until the overvoltage is removed.
physical characteristics
The physical properties of the Arduino mainly include length and width. The Arduino Uno's printed circuit board measures 2.7" x 2.1" tall and wide, but the power socket and USB connector will extend beyond the previous measurement. The board can be attached to the surface otherwise with screw holes.
Arduino Uno ATmega328 Apps
Arduino Uno applications include the following.
Arduino Uno is used in sample do-it-yourself projects.
In developing projects based on code-based control
Automation system development
Design basic circuit designs.
Thus, this is all about the Arduino Uno datasheet. From the above information finally, we can conclude that this is an 8-bit ATmega328P microcontroller. It contains various components such as serial communication, crystal oscillator, voltage regulator to support the microcontroller. This board includes a USB connection, 14 digital I/O pins, 6 analog i/p pins, a power cylinder jack, a reset button, and an ICSP header. Here is a question for you, what is the price of the Arduino Uno in India?
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